Collaborating with Hideyuki Ando

Exhibition/Prize History

Cyber Arts Japan, Ars Electronica – 30 years for Art and Media Technology (Feb.2-Mar.22, 2010)
Honorary Mention of Interactive Art, Prix Ars Electronica 2009 (May, 2009)
Curated Show, SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 (Dec.11-13, 2008)

Documentation Video (on YouTube)

The Documentation at Cyber Arts Japan (on YouTube)

Installation (full movie) (on YouTube)

The installation consists of approx. 2 minutes of each document of 4 cities. Total Length of the video loop is 9:22. It had been exhibited at Cyber Arts Japan in 2010.

1. OVERVIEW

” Watch Me! ” is an experimental project dedicated to documenting social bind (defined below) by intervening in a public space. It watches the different behavior of people’s “eyes” using a robot bear as an unusual event. The project was finally presented as an installation.

2. DETAILS

If it is the first time for you to stay in some country, you may be puzzled by people’s behavior as they respond to incidents or encounters.
Then you might realize that they seem to behave spontaneously but are predisposed to exhibit certain behavioral traits by society and culture. We call this “social bind”.

You maybe feel that, people at a train station in Tokyo for instance, look very cool and calm.
People in a jam-packed train car during rush hourtend to be quiet. Nobody ever complains even if someone’s music from an iPod is too loud. You might wonder whether people just do not mind or whether they are afraid of complaining. Probably, the latter would be true. In addition, conversation between people who do not known each other is rare.
However, it is not true that people are unaware of others, but instead try to ignore them.
Probably, in Tokyo, social bind is quite strong.

If you live in a city in a different country, you will find that social bind exists as a quite different thing from that in Tokyo. This is because the cultural and social rules differ from country to country.
So, how do people react when an unusual event happens in a public space.
For this project, we assumed that the behavior of peoples’ “eyes” is the most excellent index of their reactions.
Do they experience the event and try to be nonchalant about it? Do they stare with great interest? Do they nervously look around?
Watching the behavior of their eyes let’s us observe the social bind of a local area.

Furthermore, how does society react when an unusual event happens? Does the police come? Does some authority of a local area force us to clear out or make a detour? Does someone like a gangster make us donate something? Does no one complain?
Through the “Watch Me!” project, we ask you not only to become aware [to observe] social bind and cultural differences in local areas but also to contemplate the boundaries of privacy.

3. PROCESS

3-1. A teddy-bear-like robot is the main performer in the project. It looks cute, but has been programmed to move hard and awkwardly.

3-2. The robot is put on a street in various cities to watch passersby’s behavior.

3-3. Three hi-vision camcorders put below the robot and covering 180 degrees record reactions of passersby. Only the area around the eyes is extracted from the movies; other areas are blurred. These effects are applied by a custom program written in C++.

3-4. The project has been carried out in various locations in the world, such as Shibuya (Tokyo), Sugamo (Tokyo), Nanba (Osaka), Mirogi (Kenya), Chinatown (N.Y.), Linz (Austria).

3-5. The project was presented as an installation using three projectors and the robot bear.

4. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Robot-phone, PC, hi-vision camcorder, Projector

4-1. System

Software: custom software written in C++
Operating System: Windows XP (for robot bear)

4-2. Hardware (What I could contribute)

PC
Digital Video Camera
AV cable (from camera to computer)
Monitor Cable (10 meters)
Materials for building the installation

4-3. Hardware (What would need to be provided)

3 Video Projectors (over 4,000 lumens projectors are preferable)
3 Blue-lay disk players

4-4. Space Requirements

5 by 7meter sized floor and approx. 4meter of the ceiling is preferable.

working with c-loc Software Project Team

Exhibition/Prize History

Digital Content Expo 2010 (2009.10.14-10.17)
Digital Content Expo 2009 (2009.10.22-10.25)
SIGGPAPH 2009(2009.8.3-8.7)

Documentation Video (on YouTube)

Abstract

c-loc Software is time-and-space mapping software by which anyone can simultaneously visualize chronological and geographical data as three three-dimensional graphics.
Texts, sounds, images and movies can be registered as objects that are categorized with the shape, size, color and alpha of icons. Lines that connect the objects in the same category can be categorized as well.
Moreover, the software has the function for importing CSV files and GPS logs.
c-loc software is especially designed as an interactive kiosk for a museum using a touch screen and area control technology.

Keywords
Software Design Methodology, Interaction Design, Interface Design, Interactive Kiosk, Information Aesthetics, Global Information System

1. Introduction

In recent years, Geographic Information System (GIS) for consumers such as Google Maps/Earth has been very popular and everyone enjoys collecting and editing his or her memory using those media.
Nevertheless, even though those are well designed to visualize diverse geographical data, they cannot present geographical and chronological information at the same time. Some GIS systems have a chronological function, but it is only animation.
However, isn’t there any other way to integrate two different data?
c-loc software offers a new way to visualize time and space using a time layer scheme and interactive three-dimensional graphics.
It is suitable for people who want to investigate the relationship between the geographical and chronological information of archeology, ethnology and history such as the archive of earthen vessels.

2. Who are the Target Users?

People who are in a wide range of fields are target users such as archeologists, folklorists, ethnologists, anthropologists, historians, urban researchers and someone who wants to edit an autobiography or a travel book and so on. The software can be used in many ways.

3. Software & Interface

An editor can import chronological maps and define year, month, day, hour, minute and second. Any type of map can be used depending on the editor’s purpose.
Time’s arrow goes from the bottom to the top of the interface. It is the layer of time (figure1, 2).

top: figure3, bottom: figure4

Objects can be created and categorized (figure3). Text, image, sound or movie is registered as an object and the size, color and alpha of the object is customized. In addition, lines that connect objects in the same category can be customized as well.

The position of the camera is registered as a button. By pressing it, the camera moves to a target point.
Furthermore, there is a function for importing and exporting a CSV file so that an existing database is easily able to be converted into data for c-loc software. In addition, GPS data can be imported into the software. If photos that users already took have location data (e.g. latitude, longitude and time) as EXIF data, those photos will automatically be imported and placed in the c-loc software.

4. Touch Screen & Area Control

The interface of c-loc software is unique and easy to use because of a touch screen and area control technology.
If a user drags within the center circle, objects will be rotated.
Likewise, a user can pan the objects by dragging outside the circle. The left side area is expanding and shrinking a time interval. The right side area is zooming in and out (figure4).

5. Technical Specs.

2 black boxes including 32 inch-LED screen: 900mm x 820mm x 750mm (W x H x D)
2 laptop computers (macBook Pro)

Documentation Video (on YouTube)

1. OVERVIEW

In “Collected Remembrance” Project, the artist interviewed local residents about stories that have fade or disappeared with the lapse of time and reconstruct them for a time-space mapping system.

Shinjuku is a quite curious area including both modern skyscrapers and old places like Omoide-yokocho. In this project, historical photos have been collected.
Furthermore, historical aerial photos are used as the layer of the time.
Participants can listen to experiences of local residents and see the old landscape photos connecting the location in Tsunohazu, walking through the time-and-space map like virtual reality by manipulating a custom interface.

2. SOFTWARE

This custom software using the time-and-space mapping system can build an archive.
Time axis is displayed as layers, and aerial photos on the layers are located (1947 to 2001). If the information, time and location, is input into a custom database, a yellow circular object representing the interviewed voice is automatically displayed onto to the time-and-space map.

3. INTERFACE

Time goes back by pushing the controller of the interface, and goes forward by pulling it. Furthermore, by panning the controller (right, left, up, down), the viewpoint of the map horizontally and vertically moves. By this means, the participants can intuitively move through the time-and-space map. Then, if the yellow object passes the white center circle, the interview can be listened.

4. PROCESS

4.1. Interviewee

Local residents who now live or work in Tsunohazu (old name of west-Shinjuku and Kabukicho) area had been interviewed. Wide range of generations was selected to know the time difference of experiences.

4-2. Interview Detail

Two questions are asked to interviewees.

A.
Please tell the most memorable person you have met in Tsunohazu. When and where did you meet him or her first time. Why he or she is the most memorable?

B.
Please tell the most memorable happening/incident that had happened in Tsunohazu. When and where did it happen? It does not matter whether it was a good or bad memory, personal or social, yet has to be an actual incident that had happened in specific point of time and space. (After the interview, interviewees marked the point where that incident happened on the map)

Collected interviews were shortened (about 15 seconds), and registered into a database with the information of time and location. Custom software fetches the information of the interviews and locates it as yellow objects in the 3d map space.

5. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

5-1. System

Software: software written in objective-C
OS: Mac OS X 10.5.6

5-2. Hardware

MacPro
Custom Interface (including SpaceNavigator)
Monitor Cable (15 meters)
Video Projector (over 18,000 lumens projector is preferable)

Documentation Video (on YouTube)

1. OVERVIEW

In “Collected Remembrance” Project, the artist interviewed local residents about stories that have fade or disappeared with the lapse of time and reconstruct them for a time-space mapping system.

Yatsuo in Toyama prefecture is known all over the country for “Kaze-no-Bon” which is a traditional festival, yet there have been some issues such as the inheritance of tradition and depopulation. By interviewing local residents and editing a sound map, the continuity and discontinuity of local history will be documented.

In the installation, a programmed three-dimensional map is projected onto a screen. Participants can listen to experiences of local residents in Yatsuo, walking through the time-and-space map like virtual reality by manipulating a custom interface.
Finally, diverse memories and feelings are collected and reconstructed onto the map.

2. SOFTWARE

This custom software using the time-and-space mapping system can build an archive.
Time axis is displayed as layers, and old maps on the layers are located at ten-year intervals (1937 to 2007). If the information, time and location, is input into a custom database, a yellow circular object representing the interviewed voice is automatically displayed onto to the time-and-space map.

3. INTERFACE

Time goes back by pushing the controller of the interface, and goes forward by pulling it. Furthermore, by panning the controller (right, left, up, down), the viewpoint of the map horizontally and vertically moves. By this means, the participants can intuitively move through the time-and-space map. Then, if the yellow object passes the white center circle, the interview can be listened.

4. PROCESS

This project was presented at an elementary school in Yatsuo, Toyama.

4.1. Interviewee

Local residents who now live in Yatsuo had been interviewed. Wide range of generations from the lower grade of elementally school students to 80′s people was selected to know the time difference of experiences. In addition, participants of the exhibition were also interviewed. Over 50 residents in Yatsuo finally joined.

4-2. Interview Detail

Two questions are asked to interviewees. One is an oral interview(A – figure1), the other is drawing(B – figure2).

A.
Please tell the most memorable incident that had happened in Yatsuo. When and where did it happen? It does not matter whether it was a good or bad memory, yet has to be an actual incident that had happened in specific point of time and space.
When you recall it, what kind of feeling do you have?
(After the interview, interviewees marked the point where that incident happened on the map of Yatsuo)

B.
Interviewees were asked to select one of old maps from 1937 to 2007 by Geographical Survey Institute, and draw a place where they had played with friends and shops where they went (items they bought too). The time of map had to be the age when the interviewee was in elementally school.

Collected interviews were shortened (about 15 seconds), and registered into a database with the information of time and location. Custom software fetches the information of the interviews and locates it as yellow objects in the 3d map space.

5. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

5-1. System

Software: software written in objective-C
OS: Mac OS X 10.4.8

5-2. Hardware

MacPro
Custom Interface (including SpaceNavigator)
Monitor Cable (15 meters)
Video Projector (over 4,000 lumens projectors are preferable)

5-3. Space Requirements

5 by 7meter sized floor and approx. 4meter of the ceiling is preferable.

QuickTime Video Documentation (tested on ver.7.6)
Large

Regular

1. OVERVIEW

The Receipt Project is an art project as well as a statistical research and sociological fieldwork.
In this project, participants are navigated to donate their unused receipts, and those are geographically and chronologically mapped as an installation. On the other hand, its information is stored into a database and visualized as three-dimensional graphics.
As a result, participants can observe diverse facts such as the range and similarity of participants’ activities, the tendency of participants’ purchase histories, and the relationship between physical object and information.
The Receipt Project explores to visualize the activities, tendency and relationship etc. of people who are related to the area, and re-edit and reconstruct its information by composing multi-dimensional perspectives.

2. DETAILS

The urban space we live in has been changing with technologies such as transportation methods and information technologies. Thus, the idea of “ourselves” and the style of communication have also been influenced by new media technologies.
For some people, online communities are more vital than physical communities. In addition, with the dramatic change of the urban environment, the role of local communities has become collapsed, and the significance of “physical space”has gradually been indistinct. We are sort of forced to have multiple personalities in both physical and information spaces.
Do you know, where actually we are? Where do we live? Who are your neighbors? What kind of place do we commute every day? Where are we standing now? Who are around us?
Following the notion, “space is a reality that endures” by Maurice Halbwachs, I believe that refiguring contemporary space / urban environment / society is to re-link multi-layered social spaces by applying artistic approaches.

“Receipt” as media has diverse values depending on a person who collects. Some keep these records and others might only put them in their purses and do not even care etc.. However, most people are unaware of the fact that receipts are the accumulation of personal information and the traces of their activities.

In this project, participants are navigated to donate their receipts if they are happy to be involved. Those are geographically and chronologically mapped as an installation. On the other hand, its information is stored into a database and visualized as three-dimensional graphics.
As a result, participants can observe diverse facts such as the range and similarity of participants’ activities, the tendency of participants’ purchase histories, and the relationship between physical object and information.

In the physical and information spaces in this case, different phenomena can be observed. In the physical space, the color of the receipt paper gradually changes and its text is also faded out with the lapse of time. In addition, the way of keeping receipts is dependent of each person: It may be dirty and crumbled, or neat and decently folded and so on. On the contrary, in the information space, for instance, the activity of participants and the relationship that people might be at the same place at the same time can be observed.

The Receipt Project explores to visualize the activities, tendency and relationship etc. of people who are related to the area, and re-edit and reconstruct its information by composing multi-dimensional perspectives.
Finally, it is expected that this experience could be a starting point to re-observe the area which participants are related to from alternative point of view.

3. PROCESS

3-1.Installation

1. Participants write down their nicknames and hand in unused receipts if they are happy to be involved.

2. The information, such as time, place, staff, comment, purchased stuff and price etc. is input into a custom-made database.

3. The database is continuously updated by the artist in the exhibition period.

4. Receipts are added to the installation after its information is input into the database.

5. As a result, receipts are accumulated with the lapse of time.

3-2.Interactive 3D Map

This three-dimensional map has various modes.

1. The individual activity of each participant (lines).

2. The vertical axis represents chronological scale.

3. If participants are in the same place at the same time, the node of participants’ traces will be turned to be red.

4. The price and the tendency of purchased stuff.

5. Shop name etc.

The interface of the project had flexibly been modified and updated depending on the information of the collected receipts.

4. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

4-1. System

Software: A custom software written in Objective-C (Cocoa) with OpenGL and Quartz
Database: sqLIte
Operating System: Mac OS X 10.4.8

4-2. Hardware (What I could contribute)

Macintosh G5
Digital Video Camera
AV cable (from camera to computer)
Monitor Cable (10 meters)
Materials for building the installation

4-3. Hardware (What would need to be provided)

2 – Video Projectors (over 4,000 lumens projectors are preferable)

4-4. Space Requirements

5m. x 7m. floor and approx. 3 m. of the ceiling is needed.

4-5. The Diagram of The Installation

QuickTime Video Documentation (tested on ver.7.6)
Large

Regular

Kodaira is interesting place. It is the suburbs for about 30 minutes from the center part of Tokyo. There is a pastoral atmosphere in spite of being moderately modernized town. However, many residents do not know that the land was once dotted with military facilities. It may be the land by which a certain history has been divided in a sense. In this project, I interviewed people of the area to collect their voice which have weathered by progress of time and the facts which have buried in history, and they are mapped on a map of space-time. Thereby, audience can experience memory of various persons and feeling over the area which has been changed with the times simultaneously.

How do we form the collage of memory about our “places”?
Whether audience can bring each person’s experience their homes through this project?

Process

1.I chose about 30 candidates in a broad age who lives or lived in Kodaira city in Tokyo, and interviewed with them about following questions.
“Would you tell us the most impressive event in your memory in Kodaira or near this city? When and where it was occurred?”

2.And the candidate writes about the information of the place where the occurrence happened.

3.Furthermore the sounds of interviews are laid out on a spatial-temporal map of by inputting data such as the position, time, etc. to the database.

4.Then, 3D-map, created with the information, is projected on the external wall of a gallery. Participants’ positions and walking speeds are perceived by a sensor, and they move like a virtual reality in the inside of the map between space-time.

Interaction

The participant can trace back to the past by one’s action on the old maps of Kodaira from 1920 to present that are arranged spatial-temporal.
A yellow light spot shows the participant’s　position on a spatial-temporal 3D-map which is projected on the external wall of a gallery. The walking speeds of the viewers correspond with the progress of time, and if they move quickly, they can be traced back to the past so quickly. Moreover, the central axis of the map shifts to front direction and counter direction whenever viewers move in order to display the map to all the corners.
If the participant seldom moves, time on this map returns to the present. If an audience approaches the blue point on the map, the sound of an interview will be reproduced from headphone.
Thus, as if the participant collects and gleans the memories in connection with the “place” of the time, one can search for a map and one can listen to people’s experience.

This work was made for Hiroshi Mori’s project in his exhibition “Publicly Speaking.” His project had had an original idea of exhibiting the T-shirts which were designed by more than one artist as they were. They altered UNIQLO’s T-shirts (collaborated with many organizations’ logo) from the original design. Currently, the cellular phone is equipped with a function as a system of recognizing information in QR code (quick response code) /two-dimensional bar code by making use of its camera function. As a use, it can find companies’ URL and connect companies’ sites from their QR code very easily.

Reasonably, if people accessed companies’ web site by such a way, they can find mostly superficial information for advertisement for addressers, however if participants access using QR code, they can search internal structural information of these companies.
Here, I chose from the T-shirts of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M. I.T.) and General Electric (G. E) which UNIQLO sells as objects, and created the program which can access the information of both organizations on Google using QR code and a camera of a cellular phone.

It is enough surprise. Although M.I.T. is a globally famous university for an engineering faculty, it is not known that the institute is deeply connected with the munitions industry in the U.S.. Also, General Electric has started as an electrical equipment manufacturer originally, however, there is a fact that it has grown up as a huge conglomerate by merger and acquisition.

If participants access organization’s URL reading through QR code printed on these T-shirts, they will look up the report according to the keyword for search which I set up through Google. As a result, they will visit the site which both organizations do not open to the public positively but they are existing on a network.

This work focused on the behavior of economy and politics which are social affairs. They get rolling on their systems and different sense of values from the phenomena which are superficial occurrences in news and flowing daily life.

1.M.I.T. T-shirts

I embedded the following keywords for search into nine QR-codes.
1. “ MIT “ sponsor “ US Army “
2. “ MIT “ sponsor “ US Air Force “
3. “ MIT “ sponsor “ US Navy “
4. “ MIT “ sponsor “ US Department of Defense “
5. “ MIT “ sponsor “ US National Security Agency “
6. “ MIT “ sponsor “ US Defense Advanced Research “
7. “ MIT “ sponsor “ Central Intelligence Agency “
8. “ MIT “ sponsor “ Defense Intelligence Agency “
9. “ MIT “ sponsor “ Missile Defense Agency “

If a participant accesses organization’s URL reading through its QR-code, Google will search their articles according to these keywords for search. In consequence, it will show what kind of joint research and sponsored research are performed by M.I.T. and the U.S. military organizations.

Barcode

2. General Electric T-shirts

The search keywords about GE are mainly chosen about merger and acquisition, etc. Therefore, participants can view what kind of companies have been taken over and have been released by General Electric until today.

1. “ GE “
2. “ GE acquired “
3. “ GE purchased “
4. “ founded by GE “
5. “ GE bought “
6. “ GE merged “
7. “ GE sold “
8. “ GE “ acquisition
9. “ GE “ reorganization

Barcode

QuickTime Video Documentation (tested on ver.7.6)
Large
Regular

1. OVERVIEW

Relational Dimension is an interactive media installation as well as a socio-geographical project that explores hidden social behavior of people and stimulates their geographical imagination.

As we have experienced, in diverse cultures people?dz behavior in their communication is amazingly different. For instance, in public places and transportations, how do people who never meet each other have a conversation? How do they speak on cell phones? How does a couple act? Their behavior is subconsciously bound by their own social rule. In other words, it can be said that our behavior in clearly represents our cultural background and social setting.

2. INTERACTION

In the space of Relational Dimension, the behavior and relationship of participants are dynamically visualized and structured.
As they get in the area of the installation, depending on their distances and movements, a unique color from a color circle is assigned to each participant. Then, changing color gradations are filled among them, and its process is projected onto the left wall. As a result, they always create the gradations as a harmony of their interaction. Simultaneously, lines connecting them intensify their relationship, and sound is generated depending on the participants?Ǡmovements. If they get close to each other, they can hear unknown people?dz chats.
Then, if all participants get out of the area, traces previous participants left are replayed and reconstructed.
Moreover, the movements of participants are converted into lines gradually falling down with the lapse of time, and those are projected onto the right wall. Then, the trace of participants can be seen like a sculpture. Finally, participants maintain both local and global perspective of their interaction and behavior.
By interposing space and documenting people?dz behavior, I attempt to explore and reconstruct the notation of our social and cultural dynamics.

The number of people who can possibly participate in the installation is actually unlimited.
One camera captures participants, and the other tracks their positions. Three video projectors are installed.
One vaguely projects participants and the others projects graphics on the left and rigt wall. They are all installed into a ceiling (figure 2-1).

When participants enter the area, changing color gradations fill in among them. Then, the position of each participant is connected to each other by shaking lines. These graphics simultaneously change depending on participants’ distance from other participants and their movements.

The sound is also related to participants’ movements. While participants are in the area, their movements are automatically recorded. Then, if all participants move out of the area, up to five participants?Ǡtraces are replayed. It can be said that by computer program participants can see their past behaviors.

On the other hand, the movements of participants are transformed into a bunch of lines gradually falling down with the lapse of time, and those are projected onto the right wall. Then, the trace of participants can be seen like a sculpture. Finally, participants maintain both local and global perspective of their interaction and behavior.

3. GRAPHICS

Depending on the order in which they enter the area, each participant is assigned a number and a corresponding color from a color circle. Each apex of the black lined quadrilateral represents the position of each one, since there are four participants in this case. Then, a color on each apex of the quadrilateral is assigned to the gradation from the color circle (figure 3-1).
When they move close, the saturation and brightness of the gradations are higher (figure 3-2). In contrast, when they move away from each other, the gradations are lower (figure 3-3).
In addition, the movement of lines is related to that of participants?Ǯ If participants move fast, lines connecting them swing hard (figure 3-4), and if they move slowly, the lines shake slightly.
Figure 3-5, 5 are the time based accumulation of trace of the participants.

4. SOUND

Sound, composed of two tones, is the trace of participants?Ǡmovements as well as the representation of participants?Ǡproximity like the graphics.
When someone enters the area, an electric sound is generated (figure 4-1), and, other participants can be aware of the presence of a new participant.
If participants get very close to each other, it is realized that they are in an intimate space. Then, participants can hear peoples?Ǡtalks which are already recorded and randomly generated (figure 4-2).

5. TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Software
Custom software written in Objective-C

Hardware [quantity]
Video Projector [3]
Macintosh G5 (OS 10.3.9) [2]
RCA cable (from camera to computer, 10 meter) [3]
Speaker [2]
Speaker Cable (10 meter) [2]
Amplifier [1]
Video Camera [3]
Retro-reflective Sheet (6 x 6 meter) [1]

Usually, people are alive in multiplex self in their lives. There are self in a company, self when you are meeting your friend, self on the Internet, etc. It is an illusion as if a person had an individual character by such accumulation of multiple self.
There is a couple’s image divided into 15 grids. This couple’s image begins from the scene of ordinary private conversation, however it will change the reproduction speed of each 15 images gradually. As a result, motions of characters in the image are reconstructed as a collage of time like the cubism pictures. Moreover, since the sound also synchronizes with each image, whenever the image shifted the sound is echoed. Finally it will be beyond audience’s listening comprehension.

Furthermore, if it passes fixed time interval, the scenes and the sounds will be repeating themselves and shifting from the original and it reiterates this phenomenon over and over again.

The scene of reproduction speed synchronizes with the scenes. (figure 1)
The scene of reproduction speed has begun to shift from the scenes. (figure 2)
The scene of reproduction speed shifted from the original very much. (figure 3)

A set of two images
These photographs were taken in front of Shibuya Station
Ink-jet print 90x100cm

This is a collage by a fragment of time and it was taken by a camera which the angle of a camera was horizontally shifted one degree every 30 seconds in 45 minutes of daytime and night, respectively. One picture is realized in the fragment of the image with 90 sheets. Finally, these images were digitally processed by computer and they were made into collage. Also, they are described numerically when each fragment was photographed and what angles it had.

The photographs which were taken concurrently, expresses the difference of characters between two different places, such as urban bustle of Shibuya in the center of Tokyo, and the quiet Atsugi in the suburb.